The amended provisions expand the scope of investment provisions previously applicable only to Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) to cover all individual persons resident outside India. It permit such individuals to purchase, sell, and transfer equity instruments of listed Indian companies on a repatriation basis, subject to prescribed limits and conditions. Prior Government approval is mandated where investments or transfers result in ownership or control passing to entities or citizens of countries sharing a land border with India, or where beneficial ownership lies with such persons.